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Saturday, 7 January 2012

การบริหารธุรกิจขนาดย่อม บทที่ 1

ตอนที่ 1 จงตอบคำถามต่อไปนี้
1.   จงอธิบายความหมายของการค้าปลีกขนาดย่อม (Small and Medium Enterprises Retailing) มาให้เข้าใจ
      การค้าปลีกขนาดย่อม หมายถึง กิจกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับการขายสินค้าหือบริการโดยตรงแก่ผู้บริโภคคนสุดท้าย ในรูปของธุรกิจขนาดย่อม
2.   จงบอกความสำคัญที่ธุรกิจค้าปลีกขนาดย่อมมีต่อระบบเศรษฐกิจขนาดย่อม มาให้เข้าใจ
      1. ช่วยสร้างงาน
      2. สร้างมูลค่าเพิ่มกับวัตถุดิบ
      3.สร้างเงินตราต่างประเทศ
3.   จงกล่าวถึงปัญหาและข้อจำกัดในภาพรวมด้านการตลาดของการค้าปลีกขนาดย่อม
      1. ปัญหาด้านการตลาด
      2. ขาดแคลนเงินทุน
      3. ปัญหาด้านทรงงาน
      4. การขนส่งล่าช้า
4.   จงกล่าวถึงปัญหาและข้อจำกัดในภาพรวมด้านการขาดแคลนเงินทุนของการค้าปลีกขนาดย่อม
      1. ไม่สามารถผลิตสินค้าให้ตรงกับความต้องการของผู้บริโภคได้
5 .  จงกล่าวถึงปัญหาและข้อจำกัดในภาพรวมด้านการจัดการของการค้าปลีกขนาดย่อม
      1. ขาดความรู้ในการจัดการหรือการบริหารที่มีระบบ
      2. ขาดประสบการณ์
6.   บทบาทของรัฐในการแก้ปัญหามีแนวทางอย่างไรบ้าง
      - ต้องจัดความสมดุลหรือความเหมาะสมระหว่างผลประโยชน์ทางการค้ากับความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างประเทศ แต่ต่อวงการการค้าโลกในฐานะสมาชิก
      - มีการออกพระราชบัญญัติช่วยเหลือ

7.   จงบอกข้อเสนอแนะในทิศทางการดำเนินงานร้านค้าปลีกขนาดย่อม
      1. ศึกษาหาข้อมูลที่น่าสนใจ
      2. หาวิธีการกำหนดทิศทางทางการตลาด
      3. หาวิธีการลดต้นทุน
      4. พัฒนาความรู้
      5. สนับสนุนนโยบายของรัฐบาล
8.   ร้านค้าปลีกประเภทรูปแบบเก่า (Traditional Trade) ได้แก่ร้านค้าประเภทใด
      1. ร้านโชห่วย
      2. ร้านขายของชำเล็ก ๆ น้อย
9.   ร้านค้าปลีกประเภทรูปแบบใหม่ (Modern Trade) ได้แก่ร้านค้าประเภทใด
      1. เซ็นทรัล
      2. เทสโก้-โลตัส
      3. จัสโก้-คาร์ฟูร์
10. ร้านค้าปลีกโดยทั่วไป ที่กิจการค้าปลีกขนาดย่อมได้นำแนวทางไปปฏิบัติได้แก่ประเภทใดบ้าง
      - เป็นห้างสรรพสินค้า เป็นซุปเปอร์มาร์เก็ต

Tuesday, 3 January 2012

King Ramkhamhaeng

The controversy ovey the origin of the Thai shows no sign of abating,and     Further research is needed before we can draw any definte conclusions. What is    Beyond dispute,however,is that by the 13th cenury. theThai had become a   Force to be reckoned with in mainland Southeast Asia,and that Thai prnces ruled over states as far apart as Lanna,Suphannaphum (Suphanburi),Nakhon Si Thammarat,and Sukhothai.

Sukhothai {13th-15th Centuries}
Thai state that is still regarded by   Thai historian as the “first Thai  kingdom” was Sukhotnai. There  were, in fact, other  contemporaneous Thai  states such as Lanna and Phayao,both inpresent-day northern Thailand,but the Thai historical  imagination has been most stirred  by sukhothai Even today, The evocative ruins of sukhothai and its twin city si satchanalai conjure up Images of material prosperity,artististic greatness,and Buddhist piety Indeed,
Sukhothai is remembered as much for its art and architecture as for its political
Even allowing for some hyperbole     In king Ramkhamhaeng”s inscription,   It is probably true that Sukhothai  was   Prosperous and well-governed.  Its   Economy was self- sufficient, small-scale,   and agricultural. The Thai people. Thai people”s basic
The  most  famous  and  dynamic  monarch ever  to  rule  the  Sukhothai  kingdom.  Much   of  what  we  know  adout  sukhothai  in  the 13th  century  derives  from a 1292  stone  inscription  attributed to  king  ramkhamhaeng.  Though  problematic,  the inscription  is  considered  a  seminal  source  of  sukhothai  history,  as  well  as a  masterpiece  of  thai  literature.  It  elopuently  extois  the  benevolence  of  king  ramkhamhaeng  s  rule  the  power  and  prosperity  of  sukhothai.  The  king  was  accessible  to  his  people  for  example,  he  had  a  dell  hung  in  front  of  the  palace  gate  so  that  any  subject  with  a  grievance  could  ring  it  and  ask  for  justce:
            “king  ramkhamhaeng,  the  ruler  of  the  kingdom,  hears  the  call  he  goes  and  puestions  the  man,  examines  the  case,  and  decides  it  justly  for  him.  So  the  people  of … sukhothai  praise  him.
             According  to  the  inscription,  the  king did not levy road s or taxes on merchandise, not did he tax his subjects,  Inhrritance  at all  such a paternalistic   And  benevolent  style   of  kingship has  Caused  posteritty  to  regard  the sukhothai   Kingdom,s heyday  as a golden age in Thai  history.


Monday, 26 December 2011

Culture and folklore

          A third theory propounds that the Thai were originally of Austronesian rather than Mongoloid stock and had migrated northwards from the Malay Archipelago. The most conving theory, however, is that which relies largeiy on linguistic evidence. From research done in the southern Chinese provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan, where the thai language is still spoken, the proponents of this theory maintain that the Thai migrated southward from these provinces.
The fifth, and latest, hypothesis claims that archaeological and anthropological evidence prove that Thailand has been inhabited continuously since prehistoric times and that ethnic groups mixed with each other until it was difficult to tell them apart. Animism, material.
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Culture,and folklore,however,point to a continuity in the settlement of this area.   This hypothesis has been cogently put forward by ins proponents, but it avoids   too conveniently the issue of Thai migraton by maintaining that the Thai have been here all along, the present-day Thai nation being but a mixture of various races.

Sunday, 25 December 2011

The Emergence of the Thai


The origin of the Thais (or Tai) race is shrouded in mystery. Many theories and hypotheses have been put forward, some more convincing than others.
          One theory holds that the Thai race emigrated southwards indo Southeast Asia from the Altai mountain range in north western China and Mongolia; but

         Since archeological, ethnographic, and linguistic researches do not bear this out, the theory now has few champions. Another convincing hypothesis contends that the Thai, having migrated from Sichuan province in central China, founded a kingdom in southern China called Nanchao, from which they were driven further south by the all-conquering Mongol ruler Kublai (Kublai Khan) in 1253, into Indochina and present-day Thailand. This theory is not very tenable because Nanchao was not a Thai-domi-nated kingdom, and it also appears that Thai had emigrated into the area that is now Thailand well before 1253.

Saturday, 24 December 2011

Kanchanaburi



          Covering the northeastern region, much of the, and far west as Kanchanaburi Province. The Khmer built stone temples in the northeast, some sf which have been restored to their former glory those at Phimai and PhanomRung. Stone sculpturesand lintels depicting Hindu gods, stone Buddha images in t6he distinctive Khmer style, and bronze statuary, some of great beauty, are other vestiges of Khmer cultural, are other vestiges of Khmer cultural    dominance.  Politician, however, the Khmers probably did not control the whole of this area directly but exerted power through vassal and 
governors.   The fertile Chao Phraya River basin had always been an area with an ethnic mix: Mons, Khmers, and Laws. Towards the end of the 13th century, Khmer power in this area waned and new Kingdoms, dominated by the Thai race, arose. These had been influenced by Khmer rule, but they brought other spectacular legacies, the origins of which are still a matter of historical dispute.

Friday, 23 December 2011

Mon and Khmer Dominance

          From the 9th to the 11th centuries A.D., the area which is now cenyral and western Thailand was occupied by a mon civilization known as Dvaravati.the Mon race, who shared The some linguistic lineage as the Khmers, were later to settle in southtrn Burma. Little is known about the political and social “empire” of Dvaravati, but it seens quite likely that that were several Mon states sharing a common culture rather than a monnlithic”empire” with a capital city. Important Dvaravati sites in Thailand include Nakhom Pathom, Khu Bua,Phong Tuk,and Lawo(Lopburi).Some superb sculptures,bas-reliefs,and other archaeological remains survive from this obscure period of history
Dvaravati was an “Indianized”culture, with Theravada Buddhism as the dominant religion.Theravada Buddhism was to remain the major religion in this area for the next millennium, co-existing with animism,Hinduism,and Mahayana Buddhism,and its ideas and philosophy inspired       Much of Dvaravati art and sculpture, whose forms were also based on Tndian prototypes.
By the 11th-12th centuries, Mon dominance over central Thailand had been replaced by the power of the ever-expanding Khmer empire to the east. The capital of this empire was the great city of Angkor, and the Khmer rulers were masters of a tightly-organized society with remarkable   capacities for territorial and cultural expansion. The Khmers also controllrd most of the trade routes in the Thailand-Tndochina region. Khmer territories stretched well into the area that is present-day Thailand.

Thursday, 22 December 2011

Historical Setting

The earliest Inhabitants
    The area which is now Thailand has been populated ever since the dawn of civilization in Asia The first humans in this region were hunter-gatherers who lived by hunting wild animals and gathering whatever grew wild animals and gathering whatever grew wild in the forests. Later on, man learnt to modify nature, growing cereals such as and breeding livestock. Rice growing communities sprang up. Metal and pottery making also became highly-developed skills as these prehistoric settlements prospered prospered. Cast bronze technology in the northeastern area of Thailand dates from around 2000 B.C., making prehistoric achievements of Thailand just as advanced as those of India China.
Beginning  in the  1960s,  archaeo-logical  excavations  in   various  parts  interesting  and important    sites, a large number of   which  are  prehistoric.  There  are  several  Stone  Age  settlements, the  most  notable  being  Ban  Kao  in  Kanchanaburi  Province,  Non  Nok  Tha  in Khon  Kaen  Province,and  Ban  Chiang  in  Udon  Thani  Province.

The  spectacular  finds  at  Ban  Chiang  include  bronze  utensils  and  ornaments, painted  pollery, and  bimetallic (bronze  and  iron) weapons.  Ban  Chiang  was  apparently  settled  as  far  back  as 6,000years  and  was  continually  inhabited  for  some  4,000  years.  It was  an agricultural  community,with  skilled  metalworkers  and   potters.  Artistically,  the  glory  of  Ban  Chiang  can  be  found  in  the  large  amount  of  painted   pottery  found  at  the  site;  the  most  graceful  shapes  and  intricate  designs  appear  on  dating  back  to  the  300 B.C.- 200A.D.  period.  The  people  of  Ban  Chiang  comprised  only  one  among  many   prehistoric  communities  in  Thailand,  which  makes  the  country  one  of  the  the  cradles  of  Asian  civilization  and  an  aren  which  was  inhabited   for   thousands  of  years  before  the  emergence  of  the  first  Thai  states.